3D检查（体积，高度）
3D检查（体积，高度）
Forappearance/维度检查和定位using image processing andcharacter recognition使用OCR，根据其表面的阴影数据检测或分化目标。为了提高这些操作的准确性，已经引入了各种措施，包括使用高像素机视觉，镜头和灯光的优化以及图像增强过滤器和其他技术的采用。即使采用最新技术，仍然很难解决图像检查中的某些问题，包括：
- 区分缺陷或扭曲与变色或颜色不规则性
- Detecting the depth of flaws or distortion level
- Performing pass/fail judgment based on capacity or volume
- 检查焊料或焊接的轮廓
这些目标很难从2D图像中检测到，因此判断取决于人眼。使用3D图像的检查可以解决这些问题。此页面说明了检测高度和表面信息的3D检查。
Basic principle of 3D inspection which uses 3D images to achieve inspection that is impossible with 2D images
Advantages of 3D inspection
2D inspection detects or differentiates appearance or dimension based on shade data. 3D inspection uses height information (XYZ coordinates) as well. This section describes the differences between 2D and 3D images, and the advantages of introducing 3D inspection.
Differences between 2D and 3D images
- 2D Images
- 2D images are captured from one direction. They can be used to find defects on the surface of parts/products through shade adjustment with image enhance filters.
- 3D图像
- 将高度信息添加到2D图像中是3D图像。包括XYZ坐标信息使得不仅可以获取有关高度的信息，还可以获取数量和分段区域。
引入3D检查的效果：稳定检查
2D检查通常会根据目标的颜色或图案以及环境的影响（例如光泽表面或灯光的反射）而受到不稳定的缺陷或凹痕的检测。即使图像增强过滤器，例如阴影校正，斑点处理和对比度转换，也很难提高准确性。3D检查使得可以稳定地检测到与目标上的模式相似的微小凹痕和缺陷，这些图案很难与常规2D图像区分开。这允许自动化检查。
3D inspection allows inspections using volume or sectional area information, based on height differentiation or XYZ information. This greatly expands the range of inspections possible with image processing.
使用图像处理的3D检查的效果：提高效率
使用3D测量系统，任何人都可以进行3D检查。不幸的是，3D测量系统设计用于离线检查，并且需要大量时间将目标带到测量室并进行测量。只要目标是低体积生产的高价值产品，这是可以接受的。但是，对每天大量或数万美元生产的产品进行100％检查是不切实际的。
借助机器视觉/图像处理系统，您可以在3D信息内线上进行3D信息，从而有效检查。最新的图像处理系统提供了足够快速的处理速度，以实现高速线路上的应用。这允许100％检查而不会影响TAKT时间。这可以防止有缺陷的工件流出，有助于提高质量。
Effects of introducing 3D inspection: equipment/labor cost reduction
You can automate the inspections that relied on visual or offline inspection, which reduces labor costs. A 3D camera can capture both 3D and 2D images (gray-scale images) simultaneously, reducing equipment costs.
Measurement principle of 3D inspection
Keyence提供了两种用于3D检查的测量系统。XR系列3D摄像头适用于停止目标和俯仰线；这LJ-V7000系列高速2D/3D激光扫描仪适用于移动目标和连续进食过程。每个都有自己的特征测量原理和功能，可根据应用和目标条件实现最佳3D检查。
模式投影
XR系列使用模式投影方法。它以高速向右和左侧的条纹模式投射出，并使用超高速度的CMO和特殊处理器分析反射的光线，以生成3D图像。将图案从两个方向投射到合成的配置信息信息可以捕获没有盲点的图像。XR系列还可以用作区域摄像头来捕获2D（黑白阴影）图像。同时进行2D和3D检查的能力是另一个优势。
LJ-V7000系列for measurement of large areas
The measurement range of the XR Series is limited, from 15 mm square to 40 mm square (more accurately, 12.5 mm square to 35.5 mm square at the reference distance). Consequently, it is suitable for 3D inspection of relatively small parts and products such as electronic devices. If you want to conduct 3D inspection of larger areas, the LJ-V7000 Series inline 2D/3D laser scanner is ideal. You can perform 3D inspection, including height, area and volume information, by capturing high accuracy 2D profile data through the light-section method and processing it with an image processing system such as the XG-X Series. This allows 3D inspection of lengthy targets such as weld beads or of fast moving targets.
Algorithms and various software that support 3D image inspection
Various image processing technologies play a part in 3D inspection. With the XG-X Series customizable machine vision, just specifying an inspection area in a captured 3D image allows measurement of minimum height, maximum height, convex area, concave area, convex volume, and concave volume. First, specify a zero plane as a reference for height measurement. Then, measure the area or volume of a convex/concave area with reference to the zero plane.
各种其他有用的功能极大地提高了检查准确性，并简化了设置系统的工作。
实际应用
很多检查,与2 d图像是不可能的s are possible with 3D images. Let's look at some typical applications.
检查焊片
It is difficult to detect the condition of solder surfaces through the surface inspection with machine vision. Electronic devices have become miniaturized and more accurate in recent years. It is difficult to make judgments visually or using machine vision. The introduction of 3D inspection makes not only height but also area and volume information available. This allows reliable inspection of solder fillet shape.
计算巧克力块并检查缺失的碎片
食品和制药行业还引入了3D检查。当目标没有显示诸如巧克力之类的阴影差异时，很难检测到常规2D检查的缺陷或凹痕。通过3D检查，可以从高度和其他信息可靠地检测到缺陷和凹痕。计数也是可能的，这有助于提高生产效率。
OCR reading of card numbers
当卡具有背景图片或插图（通常在信用卡上）时，由于背景的影响，难以检测卡号。由于3D检查可以识别高度，因此可以使用OCR准确地读取卡片表面上的卡号，到期日期和名称。
